Why More Helicopter Operators Are Choosing The FTD 3 Sweet Spot for Training

For many rotary wing operators, the challenge of maintaining pilot proficiency while managing high operational costs is constant. While a Full Flight Simulator (FFS) provides the highest level of training capability, acquiring one (or even simply using one) carries a significant price tag. The EASA Level 3 FTD represents an appealing sweet spot in the fidelity hierarchy of helicopter simulators. It provides a type-specific, high-fidelity environment that requires the same quality of flight test data as an FFS for its performance and system characteristics, while remaining a more cost-effective fixed-base solution. This opens the door to significant training credits that can significantly reduce the time spent in the actual aircraft, at a lower cost than the Level D FFS.

The Unique Position of the FTD 3

EC135 Flight Training Device

It is important to understand the specific regulatory place that these devices occupy. Under EASA standards, the FTD 3 is a qualification level reserved exclusively for rotary wing (helicopter) simulators. In contrast, fixed wing (aeroplane) Flight Training Devices max out at the FTD 2 level. This highlights the specialised nature of FTD 3 technology in capturing complex helicopter flight dynamics.

When looking at equivalents, the FAA standard follows a similar logic. The FAA's FTD Level 7 is also a rotary wing only qualification, while FAA fixed wing FTDs max out at Level 6. Essentially, an FAA FTD 7 is analogous to an EASA FTD 3, and an FAA FTD 6 is analogous to an EASA FTD 2. For operators working across different jurisdictions, this technical alignment provides a framework for high-fidelity training without full motion. For the rest of this post, we're simply going to refer to the concept as an FTD 3, regardless of which regulatory framework is being used.

Will Anything Change With the Introduction of FSTD Capability Signatures?

In short, no.

There will still be an important role for devices of this type - let's call them "FTD3-Like" - in the training mix for helicopter operators everywhere. They'll simply be qualified under a new framework that doesn't list "FTD 3" on the certificate. If anything, the introduction of FSTD Capability Signatures (FCS) will provide more flexibility on how to use such devices.

Training Credits for Initial Pilot Courses

The FTD 3 is a powerful tool for initial pilot training, offering substantial credits across several key courses. For an integrated Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL) course, more than 30% of the syllabus can be completed in the fixed base device. When looking at the Multi-Crew Cooperation (MCC) course, it can be used for 100% of the required 20 hours.

Furthermore, an FTD 3 is highly efficient for Instrument Rating (IR) training, where over 70% of the course can be conducted within the device. This allows pilots to train and check complex instrument procedures in a controlled, type-specific environment before moving to the helicopter.

Credits for Type Ratings and Differences Training

The utility of the FTD 3 also extends into type-specific training. Regulations allow for over 50% of a type rating course to be conducted in a qualified FTD 3. This is particularly beneficial for operators managing transitions between different helicopter variants (i.e. conversion courses). For example, Level D differences (the highest level of difference training, not to be confused with the Level D of an FFS) can be both trained and checked on an FTD 3.

Revalidation and Proficiency Checks

One of the most significant operational advantages of the FTD 3 is its use in recurrent checking. Under EASA standards, every alternate IR validation can be performed in this level of simulator, provided the other check is done in the aircraft.

AS350 Flight Training Device

For Licence Proficiency Checks (LPC), the FTD 3 serves as a primary alternative when an FFS is not available or accessible. This flexibility helps reduce disruptions to crew rosters caused by travel to remote simulator centres. For non-complex helicopters, these proficiency checks can be done in a combination of the simulator and the aircraft even if an FFS is available.

Specialist Mission Training for HEMS and NVIS

The FTD 3 is not just for standard licensing; it is built for specialised missions that require high levels of crew coordination and environmental realism.

Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS)

EC135 Flight Training Device

For HEMS operators, the FTD 3 provides a cost-efficient platform for both initial and recurrent technical crew training. Initial training for pilots without prior HEMS experience can be completed in the simulator, including at least 4 hours of dedicated crew cooperation instruction. Recurrent training, which requires a minimum of 2 flight hours every 12 months, can also be conducted in the device to focus on crew cooperation and safety procedures.

Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS)

These simulator are also approved for the initial qualification of pilots using Night Vision Goggles (NVGs). A suitable FTD 3 for NVIS training must feature a night vision compatible cockpit and a night visual system that can accurately represent different moon phases. It can simulate various atmospheric conditions, such as multiple cloud layers and variable visibility, allowing pilots to practice transitions between aided and unaided flight in a safe environment.

Managing Compliance

To unlock these training credits, operators must demonstrate to their National Aviation Authority (NAA) that the device is suitable for the specific tasks in their training program. This requires detailed task analysis and robust management systems.

We are here to operate as your independent partner to help you manage this entire process. We do not manufacture simulators, which means we can provide unbiased advice on maintaining and supporting any brand of training device. We focus on ensuring your equipment remains compliant and reliable, helping you increase pilot availability and maintain the highest safety standards across your training operations. Get in touch and ask us how we can help you get the most out of your simulator.

FAQs

What is the difference between FFS and FTD?

The major difference between a Full Flight Simulator (FFS) and a Flight Training Device (FTD) is the motions system. An FFS has one, whereas an FTD traditionally doesn't (however FTDs are not precluded from having motion systems).

Beyond that, it comes down to the level of each device, they can have differences or similarities depending on their qualification level - higher level FTDs often have a flight model that rivals their FFS counterparts, and in many cases they're simply the same hardware and software as the manufacturer's Level D FFS with the motion system not included.

What is a level 3 FTD?

A Level 3 FTD, under EASA's rules, is a Flight Training Device that has achieved the highest level of qualification possible. This level of qualification is strictly for rotary wing (helicopter) simulators, with fixed wing (aeroplane) FTDs maxing out at level 2. An EASA Level 3 FTD is analogous to an FAA Level 7 FTD.

What is a level 7 FTD?

A Level 7 FTD, under FAA's rules, is a Flight Training Device that has achieved the highest level of qualification possible. This level of qualification is strictly for rotary wing (helicopter) simulators, with fixed wing (aeroplane) FTDs maxing out at level 6. An FAA Level 7 FTD is analogous to an EASA Level 3 FTD.

What is the difference between FTD and FNPT?

The major differences between a Flight Training Device (FTD) and a Flight Navigation Procedures Trainer (FNPT) are fidelity level, and specificity of aircraft being simulated.

FTDs simulate a specific aircraft type (e.g. Boeing 737 or Leonardo AW139), whereas FNPTs simulate a generic aircraft type or class/type of aircraft (e.g. basic jet airliner or single-engine piston)

They're generally used for different purposes, with FTDs being used to learn how to fly a specific aircraft type, whereas FNPTs are used to learn how to fly and navigate generally regardless of the aircraft type that the pilot will eventually fly.

What are the qualification levels for flight simulator?

Generally speaking, flight simulators come in the following categories:

• Full Flight Simulators (FFS); Levels A - D

• Flight Training Devices (FTD); Levels 1-3 (EASA) or 4-7 (FAA)

• Flight Navigation Procedures Trainers (FNPT); Level I - II with or without MCC approval